Causes of cancer and symptoms of the disease
Cancer is a term that encompasses a wide range of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth, which is divided and has the ability to penetrate tissues and destroy healthy tissues in the body, and is able to spread throughout the body.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, but the chances of recovery from cancer are constantly improving in most species.
Thanks to advances in early detection methods and cancer treatment options.
Cancer symptoms
Cancer symptoms vary from case to case.
Some general symptoms of cancer, but they are not specific to cancer alone, and include:
↚- fatigue
- High temperature
- The appearance of mass or swelling that can be felt under the skin
- Pain
- Changes in body weight, including unintended rise or fall in body weight
Changes to the surface of the skin, such as the appearance of yellow color, dark areas or red spots on the skin, wounds that do not heal, or changes in moles that were present on the skin
Changes in bowel or bladder functioning patterns
- Persistent cough
- Hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing
- Difficulty in indigestion or feeling uncomfortable after eating.
Causes and risk factors for cancer
Cancer is caused by a damage (change / mutation) that occurs in a series of deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) found in cells.
However, some of these deviations are not correctable, which leads to the growth of these cells and their transformation into cancerous cells. These deviations can also extend the life of some cells more than their normal life expectancy. This phenomenon causes the accumulation of cancer cells.
How does a person get cancer?
In some types of cancer, the accumulation of these cells generates a cancerous tumor. However, not all cancers produce cancerous tumors. For example, leukemia (leukemia - leukemia) is a type of cancer that affects blood cells, bone marrow (bone marrow), lymphatic system and spleen, but this type of cancer does not produce a tumor.
Genetic deviation.
It is believed that the development of
cancer requires a number of changes within the cell:
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Causes of cancer and symptoms of the disease
- Genetic alteration factor: Sometimes a person may be born with a specific genetic deviation,
- As a result of effective forces inside the body, hormones, and viruses.
- Genetic deviation can also occur as a result of effective extracorporeal forces, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, or carcinogens from the chemicals (carcinogens) present.
- A catalyst for rapid cell growth: cofactors exploit deviations and genetic changes caused by the initiating factors.
The cofactors cause the cells to divide more quickly. This can lead to the accumulation of cells, as a cancerous tumor. Auxiliary factors can be transmitted by heredity, they can form inside the body or they can reach from outside and enter the body.
Encouraging factor that makes cancer more aggressive and aids its spread: Without the encouraging factors, the cancerous tumor can remain limited in place.. Encouraging factors make cancer more aggressive and increase the risk of cancer breaking into and destroying nearby tissues, as well as increasing the likelihood of cancer spreading to other organs throughout the body.
As is the case with initiating factors and catalysts, the encouraging factors may also be transmitted by heredity, or they may be formed as a result of the effects of environmental factors.
Genetic deviation leads to the initiation of the formation of the cancerous process, while the carcinogenic factor may be a major component in the future development and progression of cancer.
Moreover, smokers who work in an asbestos-containing environment are more at risk of developing lung cancer than smokers who do not work in such an environment.
Age: Cancer development can take several decades. This is why most people are diagnosed with cancer after they are over 55 years old.
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